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Genetic Divergence and Association of Traits Among Groundnut (Arachis hypogaea L.) Genotypes in Ethiopia Based on Agromorphological Markers

Received: 25 January 2017     Accepted: 9 February 2017     Published: 13 March 2017
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Abstract

Multivariate analysis was carried out for 16 groundnut genotypes evaluated for 12 agromorphological characters. The crop was sown during2015/16 Ethiopian wet season in four locations in RCBD to study the variability and their interrelationship and divergence pattern based on quantitative traits. The distance matrix was used to study genetic diversity among the genotypes based on principal component analysis, discriminant analysis and clustering methods. Genetic divergence of groundnut genotypes through distance matrix based on Euclidean distance (D) revealed that there was small range of genetic diversity. The Eigen vectors for the first three component loading has shown that the first principal component had high positive component loading from NBP, AGBP, NMP, PWP, SWP as well as GY characters and found to associate with NC 343, Baha jidu, Lote, Manipeter, Roba, Werer 962, Tole1, Tole2 and Oldhale genotypes with high positive PCA1 scores based on Euclidean distance matrix(D). In contrast, PCA2 had high positive component loading from 100SW, PWP as well as GY characters, the associated genotypes are Baha gudo, Fetene, Manipeter, Werer 962 and Werer 961. GY has shown positive loading in all the first three components but the highest positive in component 2 indicating the highest grain yielding genotypes are those that are most positive in second component. The highest positive loading characters in the third component are NSP, SHP, SWP, NMP as well as GY; the associated genotypes were Fetene and Werer 961.On the other hand, high negative PC1 loading was obtained for SHP, HI and NSPOD. High negative loading characters especially in PC1 shows inverse relationship and/or divergence to the rest variables therefore such characters are not mainly recommended for breeding since they have usually low heritability. The dendrogram for Euclidean distance based on genotypic correlation has shown that traits in cluster 2 including PWP, SWP and 100SW were shown positive and nonsignificant correlation with GY. The most similar trait was NBP and AGBP, while NSPOD was the most divergent trait and found to be negatively correlated with GY. Thus, such divergent and negatively correlated trait with yield has no significance in selection so it can be dropped. Those characters in cluster 1 including NBP, AGBP, NMP and NSP were positive but nonsignificantly correlated at genotypic level with GY.

Published in American Journal of Plant Biology (Volume 2, Issue 3-1)

This article belongs to the Special Issue Plant Molecular Biology and Biotechnology

DOI 10.11648/j.ajpb.s.2017020301.12
Page(s) 8-18
Creative Commons

This is an Open Access article, distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, provided the original work is properly cited.

Copyright

Copyright © The Author(s), 2017. Published by Science Publishing Group

Keywords

Groundnut, Discriminant Analysis, Euclidean, Eigen Values, Eigen Vectors, PC

References
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    Zekeria Yusuf, Habtamu Zeleke, Wassu Mohammed, Shimelis Hussein, Arno Hugo. (2017). Genetic Divergence and Association of Traits Among Groundnut (Arachis hypogaea L.) Genotypes in Ethiopia Based on Agromorphological Markers. American Journal of Plant Biology, 2(3-1), 8-18. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajpb.s.2017020301.12

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    Zekeria Yusuf; Habtamu Zeleke; Wassu Mohammed; Shimelis Hussein; Arno Hugo. Genetic Divergence and Association of Traits Among Groundnut (Arachis hypogaea L.) Genotypes in Ethiopia Based on Agromorphological Markers. Am. J. Plant Biol. 2017, 2(3-1), 8-18. doi: 10.11648/j.ajpb.s.2017020301.12

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    Zekeria Yusuf, Habtamu Zeleke, Wassu Mohammed, Shimelis Hussein, Arno Hugo. Genetic Divergence and Association of Traits Among Groundnut (Arachis hypogaea L.) Genotypes in Ethiopia Based on Agromorphological Markers. Am J Plant Biol. 2017;2(3-1):8-18. doi: 10.11648/j.ajpb.s.2017020301.12

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  • @article{10.11648/j.ajpb.s.2017020301.12,
      author = {Zekeria Yusuf and Habtamu Zeleke and Wassu Mohammed and Shimelis Hussein and Arno Hugo},
      title = {Genetic Divergence and Association of Traits Among Groundnut (Arachis hypogaea L.) Genotypes in Ethiopia Based on Agromorphological Markers},
      journal = {American Journal of Plant Biology},
      volume = {2},
      number = {3-1},
      pages = {8-18},
      doi = {10.11648/j.ajpb.s.2017020301.12},
      url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajpb.s.2017020301.12},
      eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.ajpb.s.2017020301.12},
      abstract = {Multivariate analysis was carried out for 16 groundnut genotypes evaluated for 12 agromorphological characters. The crop was sown during2015/16 Ethiopian wet season in four locations in RCBD to study the variability and their interrelationship and divergence pattern based on quantitative traits. The distance matrix was used to study genetic diversity among the genotypes based on principal component analysis, discriminant analysis and clustering methods. Genetic divergence of groundnut genotypes through distance matrix based on Euclidean distance (D) revealed that there was small range of genetic diversity. The Eigen vectors for the first three component loading has shown that the first principal component had high positive component loading from NBP, AGBP, NMP, PWP, SWP as well as GY characters and found to associate with NC 343, Baha jidu, Lote, Manipeter, Roba, Werer 962, Tole1, Tole2 and Oldhale genotypes with high positive PCA1 scores based on Euclidean distance matrix(D). In contrast, PCA2 had high positive component loading from 100SW, PWP as well as GY characters, the associated genotypes are Baha gudo, Fetene, Manipeter, Werer 962 and Werer 961. GY has shown positive loading in all the first three components but the highest positive in component 2 indicating the highest grain yielding genotypes are those that are most positive in second component. The highest positive loading characters in the third component are NSP, SHP, SWP, NMP as well as GY; the associated genotypes were Fetene and Werer 961.On the other hand, high negative PC1 loading was obtained for SHP, HI and NSPOD. High negative loading characters especially in PC1 shows inverse relationship and/or divergence to the rest variables therefore such characters are not mainly recommended for breeding since they have usually low heritability. The dendrogram for Euclidean distance based on genotypic correlation has shown that traits in cluster 2 including PWP, SWP and 100SW were shown positive and nonsignificant correlation with GY. The most similar trait was NBP and AGBP, while NSPOD was the most divergent trait and found to be negatively correlated with GY. Thus, such divergent and negatively correlated trait with yield has no significance in selection so it can be dropped. Those characters in cluster 1 including NBP, AGBP, NMP and NSP were positive but nonsignificantly correlated at genotypic level with GY.},
     year = {2017}
    }
    

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  • TY  - JOUR
    T1  - Genetic Divergence and Association of Traits Among Groundnut (Arachis hypogaea L.) Genotypes in Ethiopia Based on Agromorphological Markers
    AU  - Zekeria Yusuf
    AU  - Habtamu Zeleke
    AU  - Wassu Mohammed
    AU  - Shimelis Hussein
    AU  - Arno Hugo
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    DO  - 10.11648/j.ajpb.s.2017020301.12
    T2  - American Journal of Plant Biology
    JF  - American Journal of Plant Biology
    JO  - American Journal of Plant Biology
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    EP  - 18
    PB  - Science Publishing Group
    SN  - 2578-8337
    UR  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajpb.s.2017020301.12
    AB  - Multivariate analysis was carried out for 16 groundnut genotypes evaluated for 12 agromorphological characters. The crop was sown during2015/16 Ethiopian wet season in four locations in RCBD to study the variability and their interrelationship and divergence pattern based on quantitative traits. The distance matrix was used to study genetic diversity among the genotypes based on principal component analysis, discriminant analysis and clustering methods. Genetic divergence of groundnut genotypes through distance matrix based on Euclidean distance (D) revealed that there was small range of genetic diversity. The Eigen vectors for the first three component loading has shown that the first principal component had high positive component loading from NBP, AGBP, NMP, PWP, SWP as well as GY characters and found to associate with NC 343, Baha jidu, Lote, Manipeter, Roba, Werer 962, Tole1, Tole2 and Oldhale genotypes with high positive PCA1 scores based on Euclidean distance matrix(D). In contrast, PCA2 had high positive component loading from 100SW, PWP as well as GY characters, the associated genotypes are Baha gudo, Fetene, Manipeter, Werer 962 and Werer 961. GY has shown positive loading in all the first three components but the highest positive in component 2 indicating the highest grain yielding genotypes are those that are most positive in second component. The highest positive loading characters in the third component are NSP, SHP, SWP, NMP as well as GY; the associated genotypes were Fetene and Werer 961.On the other hand, high negative PC1 loading was obtained for SHP, HI and NSPOD. High negative loading characters especially in PC1 shows inverse relationship and/or divergence to the rest variables therefore such characters are not mainly recommended for breeding since they have usually low heritability. The dendrogram for Euclidean distance based on genotypic correlation has shown that traits in cluster 2 including PWP, SWP and 100SW were shown positive and nonsignificant correlation with GY. The most similar trait was NBP and AGBP, while NSPOD was the most divergent trait and found to be negatively correlated with GY. Thus, such divergent and negatively correlated trait with yield has no significance in selection so it can be dropped. Those characters in cluster 1 including NBP, AGBP, NMP and NSP were positive but nonsignificantly correlated at genotypic level with GY.
    VL  - 2
    IS  - 3-1
    ER  - 

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Author Information
  • Biology Department, Haramaya University, Dire Dawa, Ethiopia

  • School of Plant Science, Haramaya University, Dire Dawa, Ethiopia

  • Biology Department, Haramaya University, Dire Dawa, Ethiopia

  • Department of Crop Science, University of Kwazulu-Natal, Durban, Republic of South Africa

  • Department of Food Science, University of Free State, Bloemfontein, Republic of South Africa

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